{"id":8103,"date":"2018-10-28T11:38:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-28T10:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/?p=8103"},"modified":"2018-10-29T17:59:10","modified_gmt":"2018-10-29T16:59:10","slug":"le-stade-national-de-pekin-herzog-de-meuron-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/?p=8103","title":{"rendered":"Le stade national de P\u00e9kin, Herzog &#038; de Meuron, 2008"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Stade national de P\u00e9kin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Construction: 24 d\u00e9cembre 2003<\/p>\n<p>Ouverture 28 juin 2008<\/p>\n<p>Architectes: Herzog &amp; de Meuron<\/p>\n<p>Ing\u00e9nieurs: ArupSport<\/p>\n<p>Design int\u00e9rieur: China Architecture Design and Research Group et Ai Weiwei<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing_national_stadium06.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8183 \" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing_national_stadium06-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"beijing_national_stadium06\" width=\"851\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing_national_stadium06-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing_national_stadium06-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing_national_stadium06.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 851px) 100vw, 851px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Le stade national de P\u00e9kin fut con\u00e7u par Herzog et de Meuron \u00e0 l&rsquo;occasion des jeux Olympiques de P\u00e9kin en 2008. Il est surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0le nid d&rsquo;oiseau\u00a0\u00bb en raison de sa structure biomim\u00e9tique inspir\u00e9e des nids d&rsquo;oiseau. Sa conception num\u00e9rique reprend la m\u00eame m\u00e9canique que celle de la construction d&rsquo;un vrai nid, \u00e0 savoir un centre vide o\u00f9 o\u00f9 se trouvent les oiseaux autour duquel gravitent les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de structure.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8129\" style=\"width: 618px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8129\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8129\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Sans-titre-1-1-300x129.jpg\" alt=\"Sans titre-1\" width=\"608\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Sans-titre-1-1-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Sans-titre-1-1-768x330.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Sans-titre-1-1.jpg 994w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8129\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L&rsquo;inspiration du nid d&rsquo;oiseau concerne aussi les lanternes ext\u00e9rieures du site reprenant les m\u00eames principes.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Le stade pr\u00e9sente une structure entrem\u00eal\u00e9e en acier qui le recouvre et qui lui donne un aspect \u00ab l\u00e9ger \u00bb. La conception se distingue en\u00a0trois\u00a0parties. La premi\u00e8re partie consiste \u00e0\u00a0construire la structure porteuse. La deuxi\u00e8me consiste \u00e0 installer les structure pour les \u00e9quipements int\u00e9rieurs tels que les gradins. La troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tape est la conception de l&rsquo;enveloppe. La conception peut donc se d\u00e9crire\u00a0par l&rsquo;algorithme suivant:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nori.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8167 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nori-655x1024.jpg\" alt=\"nori\" width=\"610\" height=\"954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nori-655x1024.jpg 655w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nori-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nori-768x1200.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/a>La mod\u00e9lisation param\u00e9trique constitue la troisi\u00e8me et derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape de construction. La structure porteuse \u00e9tant con\u00e7ue, il faut maintenant l&rsquo;habiller d&rsquo;une structure ext\u00e9rieure portant l&rsquo;enveloppe. Afin de produire une esth\u00e9tique organique, la mod\u00e9lisation param\u00e9trique est la plus ad\u00e9quate. C&rsquo;est pourquoi j&rsquo;ai reproduit la structure sur le logiciel Rhinoc\u00e9ros avec le plugin Grasshopper.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8133\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-21.57.56.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8133\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8133 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-21.57.56-300x169.png\" alt=\"Capture d'\u00e9cran 2018-10-27 21.57.56\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-21.57.56-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-21.57.56-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-21.57.56-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-21.57.56.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1) D\u00e9finir l&rsquo;enveloppe sur laquelle se tiendra la structure<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8112\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-22.13.02.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8112\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8112 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-22.13.02-300x169.png\" alt=\"Capture d'\u00e9cran 2018-10-27 22.13.02\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-22.13.02-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-22.13.02-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-22.13.02-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-22.13.02.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2) Cr\u00e9er un centre de gravit\u00e9 autour duquel des lignes sur l&rsquo;enveloppe d\u00e9finissent les emplacements des futurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments de structure.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8113\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-23.36.19.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8113\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8113 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-23.36.19-300x169.png\" alt=\"Capture d'\u00e9cran 2018-10-27 23.36.19\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-23.36.19-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-23.36.19-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-23.36.19-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-27-23.36.19.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8113\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">3) Cr\u00e9er face par face le volume de la structure de section carr\u00e9e.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8114\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.03.07.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8114\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8114 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.03.07-300x169.png\" alt=\"Capture d'\u00e9cran 2018-10-28 01.03.07\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.03.07-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.03.07-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.03.07-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.03.07.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">4) Diviser l&rsquo;enveloppe en parties ind\u00e9pendantes selon les espaces de la structure en acier.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8142\" style=\"width: 246px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/faz.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8142\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8142 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/faz-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"faz\" width=\"236\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/faz-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/faz-768x977.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/faz-805x1024.jpg 805w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/faz.jpg 1889w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">5) Ajuster les param\u00e8tres jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 trouver la juste quantit\u00e9 d&rsquo;enveloppe \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8147\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.53.11-1.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8147\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8147 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.53.11-1-300x169.png\" alt=\"Capture d'\u00e9cran 2018-10-28 01.53.11\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.53.11-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.53.11-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.53.11-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Capture-d\u00e9cran-2018-10-28-01.53.11-1.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8147\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">6) La structure finale mod\u00e9lis\u00e9e une fois tous les param\u00e8tres d\u00e9finis.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8107 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"beijing\" width=\"681\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beijing-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stade national de P\u00e9kin Construction: 24 d\u00e9cembre 2003 Ouverture 28 juin 2008 Architectes: Herzog &amp; de Meuron Ing\u00e9nieurs: ArupSport Design int\u00e9rieur: China Architecture Design and Research Group et Ai Weiwei Le stade national de P\u00e9kin fut con\u00e7u par Herzog et de Meuron \u00e0 l&rsquo;occasion des jeux Olympiques de P\u00e9kin en 2008. Il est surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0le nid d&rsquo;oiseau\u00a0\u00bb en raison de sa structure biomim\u00e9tique inspir\u00e9e des nids d&rsquo;oiseau. Sa conception num\u00e9rique reprend la m\u00eame m\u00e9canique que celle de la construction d&rsquo;un vrai nid, \u00e0 savoir un centre vide o\u00f9 o\u00f9 se trouvent les oiseaux autour duquel gravitent les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de structure. &nbsp; Le stade pr\u00e9sente une structure entrem\u00eal\u00e9e en acier qui le recouvre et qui lui donne un aspect \u00ab l\u00e9ger \u00bb. La conception se distingue en\u00a0trois\u00a0parties. La premi\u00e8re partie consiste \u00e0\u00a0construire la structure porteuse. La deuxi\u00e8me consiste \u00e0 installer les structure pour les \u00e9quipements int\u00e9rieurs tels que les gradins. La troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tape est la conception de l&rsquo;enveloppe. La conception peut donc se d\u00e9crire\u00a0par l&rsquo;algorithme suivant: La mod\u00e9lisation param\u00e9trique constitue la troisi\u00e8me et derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape de construction. La structure porteuse \u00e9tant con\u00e7ue, il faut maintenant l&rsquo;habiller d&rsquo;une structure ext\u00e9rieure portant l&rsquo;enveloppe. Afin de produire une esth\u00e9tique organique, la mod\u00e9lisation param\u00e9trique est [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":173,"featured_media":8107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8103"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/173"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8103"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8189,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8103\/revisions\/8189"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sapi.paris-lavillette.archi.fr\/CTID924\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}